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Physicians at Dietprescriptions.com specialize only in weight loss treatments. They are sensitive to the needs of the overweight/obese patient and are dedicated to helping you understand weight loss drug programs, and the different diet pills on the market today including Phentermine and Adipex.
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Medical Frequently Asked Questions - Visit Our Main Site For The Answers
1. Who is --- and isn't --- a good candidate for prescription diet drugs?
2. Can medications replace physical activity or changes in eating habits as a way to lose weight?
3. Will I regain some weight after I stop taking appetite suppressant medication?
4. How long will I need to take appetite suppressant medications to treat obesity?
5. What dosage of appetite suppressant medication would be right for you?
6. I only need to lose 10 pounds. Are appetite suppressant medication appropriate for me?
7. What is tolerance?
8. How do you avoid or overcome tolerance?
9. I'm 5'11" and have lost 40 lbs. (215 lbs. --- 175 lbs.) with appetite suppressant medication over a 10 month period. My BMI went from 30 to 24. But now I have regained 15 lbs. (190 lbs.) during the past 3 months since I've been off the medication. My doctor won't prescribe me anymore medication - because he says I don't qualify with a BMI of 26. My question is do I have to regain all my lost weight before I can qualify with a BMI of 30.
10. I've been on appetite suppressant medication for the past seven months, and am maintaining my weight just fine. Even though I don't feel much appetite suppression when I'm on the medication, I know that I start to gain my lost weight back when I try to stop the medication --- Why?
11. How do I maintain my weight with appetite suppressants, and what are my chances of regaining all my lost weight if I elect not to stay on the medication?
12. Will Xenical help suppress my appetite or increase my metabolism?
13. Can Xenical be taken with appetite suppressants?
Dietprescriptions.com is a U.S. based company that provides consumers access to online prescriptions over the Internet. We provide a comfortable and confidential means of secure ordering and obtaining FDA approved diet medications discreetly from the privacy of your home or office.
All patients receive a free no-risk medical consultation by simply completing and submitting a medical history questionnaire, which is thoroughly reviewed by one of our board-certified physicians. If approved for treatment, your medication will be shipped overnight in a discreet package. If you do not qualify for the treatment, any advice you receive is free of charge.
NO PHYSICAL EXAM NECESSARY
If you have had a physical exam recently and consider yourself healthy, you do not necessarily require another physical exam to be eligible to benefit from our weight loss medications. After reviewing your medial history our physicians can identify medical factors that would prohibit the prescription of a particular medication. Both research and practical experience indicate there is no reason to suggest that an in person review of patient medical history is any more relevant than an online consultation and that, for the majority of individuals, the internet is a safe, confidential and convenient place to seek treatment.
Dietpresciptions.com is your Internet partner in the medical decision making process. The Internet has revolutionized a patient's ability to research his/her own health problems and independently discover the available options of treatment. Unfortunately, patients are often left with little or no choice as to their course of treatment or what medications they are permitted to take. Because of this, more and more people are becoming weary of the medical profession's attitude toward obese patients.
Physicians at Dietpresciptions.com specialize only in weight loss management and are sensitive to the needs of the overweight/obese patient and are dedicated to helping you make your own medical decisions. We are happy to provide you with the professional consultation you need to decide which plan of care is right for you.
What is Obesity?
When a person's caloric intake exceeds his or her energy expenditure, the body stores the extra calories in the fat cells present in adipose tissue. These adipose cells function as energy reservoirs, and they enlarge or contract depending on how people use this energy. If people do not balance energy input and output by adopting healthy eating habits and regular exercise, then fat builds up, and they may become overweight.
Measurement of Obesity
Obesity is determined by measurement of body fat, not merely body weight. People might be over the weight limit for normal standards, but if they are very muscular with low body fat, they are not obese. Others might be normal or underweight, but still have excessive body fat. New federal clinical practice guidelines use three key measures to determine whether or not a person is overweight: body mass index (BMI) (a measure of body fat); waist circumference, and a patient's risk factors for disease and conditions associated with obesity.
BMI. The current best single gauge for body fat is a measurement called body mass index (BMI). It is derived by multiplying a person's weight in pounds by 703 and then dividing it twice by the height in inches. For example, a woman who weighs 150 pounds and is 68 inches tall would have a BMI of 22.8. The result is graded on a scale to indicate levels of body fat. New federal guidelines define overweight as a BMI of 25 to 29.9 and obesity as a BMI of 30 or greater. These guidelines are very important for people at risk for diabetes, heart disease, or certain cancers. Experts argue, however, over what constitutes dangerous weight at different ages or for healthy people with no such risk factors.
Waist Circumference. New guidelines note that the extent of abdominal fat is very important in assessing risk of disease. One study suggested that women whose waistlines are over 31.5 inches and men whose waists measure over 37 should watch their weight; circumference of greater than 35 inches in women and 40 inches in men signifies increased risk for heart disease, diabetes, and impaired functioning. Distribution of body fat around the abdomen and hips may be a further indication of risk. The distribution of fat can be evaluated by dividing waist size by hip size. For example, a women with a 30-inch waist and 40-inch hip would have a ratio of .75; one with a 41-inch waist and 39-inch hips would have a ration of 1.05. The lower the ratio the better. The risk of heart disease rises sharply for women with ratios above 0.8 and for men with ratios above 1.0.
Metabolic and Behavioral Regulation by the Brain
Weight is determined by pathways that occur in both the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Eating patterns are regulated by feeding and satiety centers located in the hypothalamus and pituitary glands of the brain that responds to signals indicating high fat stores and hunger. Substances critical in this process include glucose (sugar), insulin (a hormone that is critical in the conversion of blood sugar, or glucose, into energy), and leptin (an enzyme that signals the brain when fat stores are high).
Leptin has many functions that are of great interest in the study of obesity and perhaps, diabetes. This hormone is released by fat cells; levels rise as more fat is stored in the cells. Rising levels rise as more fat is stored in the cells. Rising levels appear to signal the hypothalamus to suppress appetite and falling levels to stimulate appetite. (In one study, a genetic mutation was associated with early-onset obesity and leptin deficiency.) Leptin may also affect the body's resistance to the effects of insulin, a hormone that is critical for metabolizing blood sugar. A recent animal study has shown that leptin is secreted not only by fat cells but also by cells in the stomach. Cholecystokinin, a hormone in the upper intestine that stimulates digestive juices, may work with leptin to stimulate or suppress appetite. The mechanisms by which leptin contributes to obesity, however, are still unclear.
The level of the body's stores of fat may also be dictated by a mechanism in the brain, commonly called the adipostat, that seeks to maintain a preconceived body weight. The adipostat establishes a set point for a fixed amount of body fat just as a thermostat regulates heat according to a preset temperature. The brain maintains this preestablished goal by subtly regulating the expenditure or storage of energy until fat stores meet the level determined by the adipostat. Unfortunately, in the case of obesity, the adipostat may set its goal at an unhealthy level, perhaps having uses as its basis high fat levels in childhood or weight gained slowly and steadily during adulthood. Losing weight in such cases becomes extremely difficult because, unknown to the person who has been painfully dieting, the brain is busily undermining these efforts by working to restore the original weight. It may do this by activating the sensation of hunger so that more calories are consumed, by slowing the metabolism, or by subtly reducing exercise efforts so that fewer calories are burned. The adipostat can be reset for lower fat stores only over a long period of consistently healthy eating and regular, vigorous exercise.
Genetic Factors
Genetic factors influence fat metabolism and regulate certain hormones and proteins that affect appetite and may play some part in 70% of obesity cases. A number of genetic variations, however, are involved in making people susceptible to obesity. Inherited attributes can include the way fat is distributed, metabolic rates, changes in energy responses to over eating, food preferences, and other factors. Genetic factors may also play a direct role in some cases of very severe obesity. Although genetic abnormalities may make it harder or easier to lose weight, however, the prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the past two decades, and genes cannot have changed within that time. The human metabolism evolved so that it could conserve energy and store fat during times of famine. Most cases of obesity occur now in people with normal physiology who live in industrialized nations where food is overly plentiful, and it is easy to avoid expending enough energy to burn the excess calories.
Obesity in Adults
Everyone who has a sedentary lifestyle with unhealthy eating habits is at risk for obesity. A sedentary lifestyle and obesity play against each other in a no-win game. Lack of exercise contributes to weight gain, and obesity makes it difficult to exercise vigorously. The World Health Organization now considers obesity to be a global epidemic and a public health problem as more nations become "Westernized". In spite of a recent survey that 73% of Americans consider themselves to have either an ideal or a healthy weight, new federal guidelines estimate that 55% of the American adults, or 97 million, are either overweight or obese. If the trend persists, the entire U.S. adult population could be overweight within a few generations. It should be noted, however, that although obesity (over 30 BMI) is certainly dangerous, there is considerable doubt that simply being overweight (between a BMI or 25 and 28) poses significant dangers for people who are otherwise healthy and have no risk factors for diabetes, heart disease, or cancer.
In men, BMI tends to increase until age 50 and then it levels off; in women, weight tends to increase until age 70 before it plateaus. Gaining some weight is inevitable with age and adding about 10 pounds to a normal base weight over time is not harmful. However, in one study, 64% of women and 73% of men between ages 50 and 60 were seriously overweight. The tendency in the U.S. is toward an unhealthy average increase of one pound per year after age 25. This condition is made worse by the fact that muscle and bone mass decrease with age, so the fat increase is actually about one and a half pounds. This means that by age 55, the average American has added over 37 pounds of fat during the course of adulthood.
Obesity in Children
More children and adolescents are overweight in America than ever before, with about 12% of children and 10% of adolescents suffering from this condition.
Fat cells multiply during two growth periods: early childhood and adolescence, overeating during those times increases the number of fat cells. Genetics also determine the number of fat cells a person has, and some people are simply born with more. Parental influence certainly plays a role; when a parent of a child under three is obese, the child - even if thin - has a 30% chance of becoming obese later on. As children get older, however, obesity in their parents starts to count less as a predictor for weight in later life than obesity in the children themselves. The likelihood that a child will become obese gradually increases as a child matures. For example, although one study suggested that the weight of a toddler does not appear to influence the risk for obesity, an overweight 15-year old is 17 times more likely to be overweight as an adult than a normal-weight adolescent. After adolescence, fat cells tend to increase in mass rather that quantity, so that adults who overeat and gain weight tend to do so because they have larger fat cells, not more of them. Losing weight in adulthood reduces the size of the fat cells, but not their number, so weight loss becomes much more difficult for adults who were overweight as children when fat cells were replicating.
General Outlook for the Person Who Is Overweight
In general, studies indicated that the lowest risks for heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers are in people with body mass index (BMI) values of 21 to 25. The risks increase slightly when BMI values are between 25 and 27; they are significant in BMIs between 27 and 30 and are dramatic over 30. (For calculating the BMI, see What is obesity?, above.) Anyone with risk factors for health problems must be concerned about extra weight. Experts are still debating, however, about the degree to which overweight hurts healthy people with no risk factors for serious illnesses. Some argue, in fact, that in anyone who is not severely obese, it is not the weight per se but the accompanying unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle that causes harm. Age may play a role in helping to define the risk from obesity. In one study, the younger the adult, the more dangerous the weight gain - particularly in men. For example, an incremental gain of 1 BMI value increased the risk for death from heart disease by 10% in men 30 to 44 years old but only 3% for men over 65. For women in the same age groups, the increased risks were 8% and 2%, respectively. (It should be noted that the absolute risk for death from heart disease and cancer is very low in all young adults and an increased risk still means that only a very few additional people will die from these diseases.) The same study suggested that for healthy nonsmoking men over age 75 and for women over 65 being overweight has little effect on mortality, and, in fact, may be protective, particularly in older women. Other studies have also suggested that elderly people who are very thin have an increased risk of death compared to heavier people. Excess fat in older people may provide a nutritional reserve and insulate bones from fall-related injuries. (These studies may also simply indicate that heavy people who manage to live into old age may be immune to the adverse effects of obesity.) Everyone should take very seriously studies indicating that obese children often have a lifelong struggle with their weight and are at high risk for developing high blood pressure, diseased arteries, damaged hearts, and liver damage in adulthood. Parents should by advised, however, to approach any weight program for their children by encouraging healthy diets and exercise. They should not express criticism of their children for being overweight. Such attitudes could put children at risk for eating disorders -- equal or even greater dangers to health.
Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes
Obesity is a risk factor for heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke. One study reported that obesity in childhood, is a stronger predictor of heart disease than is a family history of heart problems. Weight concentrated around the abdomen and in the upper part of the body poses a higher health risk than fat that settles in a pear-shape around the hips and flank. Fat cells in the upper part of the body appear to have different qualities from those found in the lower parts.
High Blood Pressure. Obesity is a major risk factor for hypertension. Even worse, overweight people with high blood pressure are at increased danger for enlargement of the left heart chamber, a major risk factor for heart failure. Obesity may cause high blood pressure over time by altering the kidney's physical characteristics and function, leading to retention of sodium and water. Blood pressure rises as the body tries to restore the flow of fluids. Even modest weight loss is beneficial for reducing blood pressure and the risk for heart failure.
Cholesterol Levels. The effect of obesity on cholesterol levels is complex but not advantageous, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels are usually high while HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels are low.
Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Type 2. Obesity is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (previously called non-insulin dependent or adult-onset diabetes). Almost 90% of type 2 diabetics are obese. Although only a minority of obese people is diabetic, researchers have blamed obesity and sedentary living for the dramatic increase in type 2 diabetes over the past years. Type 2 diabetics generally have normal or high levels of Insulin, a critical hormone in the metabolism of sugar. However, they are unable to use the insulin, a condition called insulin resistance, which is now thought by many experts to be an independent risk factor for heart disease. According to one study, insulin resistance itself is caused by increased body fat. The key to the association may be leptin, which is produced by fat cells; high levels have been found to coincide with insulin resistance.
Binge-Eating and Other Eating Disorders
About 30% of people who are obese are binge-eaters, who typically consume 5,000 to 15,000 calories in one setting. To be diagnosed as a binge eater, a person has to binge at least twice a week for six months. Many experts believe that binge-eating carbohydrates causes an increase in natural opiates leading to dependence on carbohydrates, and therefore, the condition should be treated as addiction. Dangerous consequences of binge eating are its antiteses - the eating disorders bulimia and anorexia. Bulimia is binge-eating followed by purging in order to lose weight. Anorexia is severe weight loss. Both conditions pose risks for serious medical problems, and anorexia can be life threatening.
Emotional and Social Problems
A study that followed obese adolescents for seven years found that, compared to thinner peers, overweight women completed fewer years of school, were 20% less likely to be married, and had 10% higher rates of household poverty. Overweight men were not as severely affected as women, although 11% were less likely to be married than non-obese men and their incomes were lower. Sick days, healthcare costs, and short-term disability all rise with increasing BMI values in workers. No evidence exists, however, that obese people suffer from emotional disorders, such as major depression or anxiety, to any greater degree than thinner people. Generally, depression and anxiety are caused by the weight problem and are usually resolved by weight loss.
What are diet drugs?
Obesity is a chronic disease that affects many people and often requires long-term treatment to promote and sustain weight loss. As in other chronic conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, long-term use of prescription medications may be appropriate for some individuals
The medications most often used in the management of obesity are commonly known as "appetite suppressant" medications. Appetite suppressant medications promote weight loss by increasing metabolism and by decreasing appetite or increasing the feeling of being full. These medications work by increasing the serotonin and/or catecholamine - two brain chemicals that affect mood, appetite and metabolism.
The most recent drug in the fight against obesity is Xenical. A new class of non-systemic anti-obesity drug called lipase inhibitors which act in the gastrointestinal tract to prevent the absorption of fat by about 30 percent. Drugs in this class do not achieve their effect through brain chemistry or central nervous system stimulation. In other words, Xenical is not an appetite suppressant or metabolic inducer. See Table 1 for the general and brand names of the most effective prescription diet medications on the market today.
Table 1: Prescription Diet Medication
Generic Name
Brand Name(s)
Classification
Phentermine
Adipex-P, Fastin, Ionamin,
Appetite Suppressant
Phendimetrazine
Bontril, Plegine, Prelu-2,
Appetite Suppressant
Diethylpropion
Tenuate, Tenuate dospan
Appetite Suppressant
Orlistat
Xenical
Lipase Inhibitor
(Fat Blocker)
While the FDA regulates how a medication can be advertised or promoted by the manufacturer, these regulations do not restrict a doctor's ability to prescribe the medication for different conditions, in different doses, or for different lengths of time. The practice of prescribing medication for periods of time or for conditions not approved is known as "off-label" use. The use of more than one appetite suppressant medication at a time (combined drug treatment) as well as using the medication for more than a short period of time (i.e., more than "a few weeks") are examples of off-label use. Since the withdrawal of Pondimin and Redux, the combination of certain antidepressant medications with appetite suppressants has become increasingly popular among weight-loss physicians. While these medications are FDA approved for the treatment of depression, their use in weight loss is an "off-label" use.
Several appetite suppressant medications are available to treat obesity. In general, these medications are effective, leading to an average weight loss of five to twenty-two lbs. above that expected with non-drug obesity treatments.
People respond differently to appetite suppressant medications, and some people experience more weight loss than others. Some obese patients using medication lose more than 10 percent of their starting body weight- an amount of weight loss that may reduce risk factors for obesity - related
diseases, such as high blood pressure or diabetes.
Maximum weight loss usually occurs within six months of starting medication treatment. Weight tends to level off or increase during the remainder of treatment. Studies suggest that if a patient does not lose at least four pounds over four weeks on a particular medication, then that medication is unlikely to help the patient achieve significant weight loss.
Benefits and Risks
Over the short term, weight loss in obese individuals may reduce a number of health risks. Studies looking at the effects of appetite suppressant medication treatment on obesity-related health risks have found that some agents lower blood pressure, blood cholesterol, triglycerides (fats) and decrease insulin resistance (the body's inability to use blood sugar) over the short term. Long-term studies are currently being done to determine if weight loss from appetite suppressant medications can improve health.
When considering long-term appetite suppressant medication treatment for obesity, you should consider the following areas of concern and potential risks. Currently, all prescription medications to treat obesity are controlled substances, meaning doctors need to follow certain restrictions when prescribing appetite suppressant medications. Although abuse and dependence are not common with non-amphetamine appetite suppressant medications, doctors should be cautious when they prescribe these medications for patients with a history of alcohol or other drug abuse.
Most studies of appetite suppressant medications show that a patient's weight tends to level off after four to six months while still on medication treatment. While some patients and physicians may be concerned that this shows tolerance to the medications, the leveling off may mean that the medication has reached its limit of effectiveness. Based on the currently available studies, it is not clear if weight gain with continuing treatment is due to drug tolerance.
Obesity often is viewed as the result of a lack of willpower, weakness, or a lifestyle "choice" - the choice to overeat and under exercise. The belief that persons choose to be obese adds to the hesitation of health professionals and patients to accept the use of long-term appetite suppressant medication treatment to manage obesity. However obesity, is more appropriately considered a chronic disease than a lifestyle choice. Other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, and high blood pressure, are managed by long-term drug treatment, even though these diseases also improve with changes in lifestyle, such as diet and exercise. Although this issue may concern physicians and patients, social views on obesity should not prevent patients from seeking medical treatment to prevent health risks that can cause serious illness and death.
Appetite suppressant medications are not "magic bullets", or a one-shot fix. They cannot take the place of improving one's diet and becoming more physically active. The major role of medications appears to be to help a person stay on a diet and exercise plan to keep off the weight they lose.
Because appetite suppressant medications are used to treat a condition that affects million of people, many of whom are basically healthy, their potential for side effects is of great concern. Most side effects of these medications are mild and usually improve with continued treatment. Rarely, serious and even fatal outcomes have been reported. Two approved appetite suppressant medications that affect serotonin release and reuptake have been withdrawn from the market (fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine). Medications that affect catecholamine levels (such as phentermine, phendimetrazine, and diethylpropion) may cause symptoms of sleeplessness, nervousness, and euphoria (feeling of well being).